On May 18, 2025, Chief Justice of India (CJI) Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai delivered a compelling address at a felicitation ceremony organized by the Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa in Mumbai. In his speech, CJI Gavai underscored the paramount importance of the Constitution of India, asserting that it stands supreme over the judiciary, executive, and legislature. He emphasized that all three branches of government must operate within the constitutional framework, highlighting the necessity of mutual respect and cooperation among them to uphold democratic principles.
CJI Gavai's remarks come at a time when debates about the balance of power among the branches of government are particularly salient. He referenced the Basic Structure Doctrine, established in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case, as a cornerstone of India's constitutional democracy. This doctrine asserts that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered by any branch of government, thereby ensuring the preservation of the Constitution's core principles. CJI Gavai credited this doctrine with maintaining the strength and stability of India's democracy, as it delineates clear boundaries for each branch of government and promotes adherence to constitutional mandates.
Reflecting on his personal journey, CJI Gavai acknowledged the influence of his father, R.S. Gavai, a prominent social activist and political figure. He shared that his father's commitment to social justice and constitutional values profoundly shaped his own perspectives and career. CJI Gavai also recounted his experiences prior to his elevation to the Supreme Court in 2019 under the SC/ST quota. He consulted with Justice Abhay S. Oka and retired Justice S.C. Dharmadhikari, who provided guidance and support during this pivotal time. Justice Oka, in particular, expressed pride in CJI Gavai's elevation, viewing it as a matter of honor for their community.
Assuming the role of the 52nd Chief Justice of India on May 14, 2025, CJI Gavai's appointment is historically significant. He is the first Buddhist and the second Dalit to hold this esteemed position, marking a milestone in the representation of marginalized communities within the highest echelons of the judiciary. His ascension to the role during the 75th anniversary of the Constitution's adoption adds further symbolic weight to his tenure. CJI Gavai expressed a deep sense of pride and responsibility in leading the judiciary during this commemorative period.
The felicitation ceremony was attended by several distinguished members of the judiciary, including Supreme Court Justices Surya Kant, Abhay S. Oka, and Dipankar Datta, as well as Chief Justices Alok Aradhe of the Bombay High Court and Nitin Jamdar of the Kerala High Court. Their presence underscored the collective commitment of the judiciary to uphold constitutional values and work collaboratively with the executive and legislative branches.
CJI Gavai's address serves as a reaffirmation of the foundational principle that the Constitution is the ultimate authority in India's democratic system. By advocating for institutional harmony and adherence to constitutional mandates, he emphasizes the importance of each branch of government functioning within its prescribed limits. His leadership is poised to reinforce the integrity of the judiciary and its role in safeguarding the rights and liberties enshrined in the Constitution.
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